Trichodynia describes scalp pain, burning, tingling, or hypersensitivity associated with hair loss, a symptom complex that affects 20–35% of patients with active telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia. The condition was formally described in dermatology literature in 1998 and remains underrecognised in routine clinical practice. Patients sometimes attribute the sensation to scalp anxiety rather than recognising it as part of the hair loss process.

The proposed mechanism involves perifollicular inflammation and neurogenic sensitisation, the inflammatory environment around miniaturising follicles activates and sensitises nearby nerve endings, producing the characteristic discomfort. The symptom correlates with markers of scalp inflammation in some studies. Trichodynia is more common in patients with rapid hair shedding and in those with anxiety or depression, suggesting both biological and psychological components contribute.

Management of trichodynia includes addressing the underlying hair loss (which often improves the sensation as inflammation resolves), topical anti-inflammatory measures (mild topical corticosteroids, anti-dandruff shampoos with anti-inflammatory ingredients), and addressing co-existing scalp conditions like seborrheic dermatitis. For patients with significant trichodynia, the symptom can affect quality of life independently of the hair loss itself, and acknowledging it as a real biological phenomenon rather than dismissing it as anxiety improves the therapeutic relationship.